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operating_systems:linux:debian:flash_card [2012/07/16 10:09] – [Suppression des partitions] tretoperating_systems:linux:debian:flash_card [2013/12/20 09:56] – [Configuration de l'image] jzaehrin
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 Installation d'une Debian sur une carte flash. Installation d'une Debian sur une carte flash.
  
 +Version humainement lisible: [[Flash Card Tret]]
 +
 +[[operating_systems:linux:debian:flash_card:Ubuntu_upstart|Bug de upstart en chroot]]
 ===== Préparation de la carte ===== ===== Préparation de la carte =====
  
-==== Suppression des partitions ==== 
- 
-On commence par supprimer les partitions déjà crées sur la carte. 
- 
-''debian:/home/sbolay# fdisk /dev/sdb'' 
- 
-    Command (m for help): p 
-     
-    Disk /dev/sdb: 4000 MB, 4000317440 bytes 
-    124 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1016 cylinders 
-    Units = cylinders of 7688 * 512 = 3936256 bytes 
-    Disk identifier: 0xbf7f3f48 
-     
-      Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System 
-    /dev/sdb1   *           1        1013     3893941   83  Linux 
-    /dev/sdb2            1014        1016       11532   83  Linux 
-     
-    Command (m for help): d 1 
-    Partition number (1-4): 1 
-     
-    Command (m for help): p 
-     
-    Disk /dev/sdb: 4000 MB, 4000317440 bytes 
-    124 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1016 cylinders 
-    Units = cylinders of 7688 * 512 = 3936256 bytes 
-    Disk identifier: 0x00000000 
-     
-    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System 
-    /dev/sdb2            1014        1016       11532   83  Linux 
-     
-    Command (m for help): d 1 
-    Selected partition 2 
-     
-    Command (m for help): p 
-     
-    Disk /dev/sdb: 4000 MB, 4000317440 bytes 
-    124 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1016 cylinders 
-    Units = cylinders of 7688 * 512 = 3936256 bytes 
-    Disk identifier: 0x00000000 
-     
-    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System 
-     
-    Command (m for help): w 
-    The partition table has been altered! 
-     
-    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. 
-    Syncing disks.  
  
-Une fois les partitions supprimées, on réinitialise la carte à zéro.+Réinitialiser la carte à zéro.
  
 ''debian:/home/sbolay# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdb'' ''debian:/home/sbolay# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdb''
Line 73: Line 29:
     Units = cylinders of 7688 * 512 = 3936256 bytes     Units = cylinders of 7688 * 512 = 3936256 bytes
     Disk identifier: 0xbf7f3f48     Disk identifier: 0xbf7f3f48
 +    
     Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System     Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
          
Line 103: Line 59:
     Syncing disks.     Syncing disks.
  
-debian:/home/sbolay# mkfs.ext3 -v /dev/sdb1 +==== Formatage de la partition ====
-mke2fs 1.41.3 (12-Oct-2008) +
-fs_types for mke2fs.conf resolution: 'ext3', 'default' +
-Filesystem label= +
-OS type: Linux +
-Block size=4096 (log=2) +
-Fragment size=4096 (log=2) +
-244320 inodes, 976368 blocks +
-48818 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user +
-First data block=0 +
-Maximum filesystem blocks=1002438656 +
-30 block groups +
-32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group +
-8144 inodes per group +
-Superblock backups stored on blocks:  +
- 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736+
  
-Writing inode tables: done                             +On crée la partition qui contiendra notre Debian.
-Creating journal (16384 blocks): done +
-Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done+
  
-This filesystem will be automatically checked every 31 mounts or +''debian:/home/sbolay# mkfs.ext3 -v /dev/sdb1''
-180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.+
  
 +    mke2fs 1.41.3 (12-Oct-2008)
 +    fs_types for mke2fs.conf resolution: 'ext3', 'default'
 +    Filesystem label=
 +    OS type: Linux
 +    Block size=4096 (log=2)
 +    Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
 +    244320 inodes, 976368 blocks
 +    48818 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
 +    First data block=0
 +    Maximum filesystem blocks=1002438656
 +    30 block groups
 +    32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
 +    8144 inodes per group
 +    Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
 +        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736
 +    
 +    Writing inode tables: done                            
 +    Creating journal (16384 blocks): done
 +    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
 +    
 +    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 31 mounts or
 +    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
  
-debian:/mnt# mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/cf/+===== Installation de Debian =====
  
-debian:/mnt# debootstrap --arch i386 squeeze /mnt/cf/ http://ftp.ch.debian.org/debian +==== Installation de l'image ====
-.... +
-I: Configuring aptitude... +
-I: Configuring tasksel-data... +
-I: Configuring tasksel... +
-I: Base system installed successfully.+
  
----- debian:/mnt# mount -t proc none /mnt/cf/proc +L'utilitaire 'debootstrap' va installer une image de Debian sur la carte.
----- debian:/mnt# mount -t sysfs nonen /mnt/cf/sys+
  
-debian:/mnt# mount -o bind /proc /mnt/cf/proc +''debian:/mnt# mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/cf/''
-debian:/mnt# mount -o bind /dev /mnt/cf/dev +
-debian:/mnt# mount -o bind /sys /mnt/cf/sys+
  
-debian:/mnt# LANG=C chroot /mnt/cf/ /bin/bash+''debian:/mnt# debootstrap --arch i386 squeeze /mnt/cf/ http://ftp.ch.debian.org/debian'' 
 +    .... 
 +    I: Configuring aptitude... 
 +    I: Configuring tasksel-data... 
 +    I: Configuring tasksel... 
 +    I: Base system installed successfully.
  
-root@debian:/# mount devpts /dev/pts -t devpts+==== Configuration de l'image ====
  
-root@debian:/# UUID=$(dumpe2fs /dev/sdb1 | grep 'UUID' | cut -d':' -f2 | sed 's/[[:space:]]//g') +''debian:/mnt# mount -t proc none /mnt/cf/proc''
-dumpe2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) +
-root@debian:/# echo $UUID +
-8c14d9c1-48cb-4ac1-b91d-780de47f8b8a+
  
-root@debian:/# sed -i "1s/$/\n proc \/proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0/" /etc/fstab +''debian:/mnt# mount -t sysfs none /mnt/cf/sys''
-root@debian:/# sed -i "1s/$/\n UUID=$UUID \/ ext3 defaults,noatime 0 1/" /etc/fstab+
  
-root@debian:/# dpkg-reconfigure tzdata+''debian:/mnt# mount -o bind /proc /mnt/cf/proc''
  
-Current default time zone: 'Europe/Zurich' +''debian:/mnt# mount -o bind /dev /mnt/cf/dev''
-Local time is now:      Fri Oct 14 17:16:25 CEST 2011. +
-Universal Time is now:  Fri Oct 14 15:16:25 UTC 2011.+
  
-root@debian:/# vi /etc/network/interfaces  +''debian:/mnt# mount -o bind /sys /mnt/cf/sys''
-# Used by ifup(8) and ifdown(8). See the interfaces(5) manpage or +
-# /usr/share/doc/ifupdown/examples for more information. +
-auto lo +
-iface lo inet loopback+
  
-auto eth0 +''debian:/mnt# LANG=C chroot /mnt/cf/ /bin/bash''
-iface eth0 inet dhcp+
  
-root@debian:/# cat /etc/fstab  +''root@debian:/# mount devpts /dev/pts -t devpts''
-# UNCONFIGURED FSTAB FOR BASE SYSTEM +
-proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 +
-UUID=8c14d9c1-48cb-4ac1-b91d-780de47f8b8a / ext3 defaults,noatime 0 1 +
-#/dev/sda1 /         ext3  defaults,noatime 0 1 +
-tmpfs     /tmp      tmpfs defaults,noatime 0 0 +
-tmpfs     /var/tmp  tmpfs defaults,noatime 0 0 +
-tmpfs     /var/run  tmpfs defaults 0 0 +
-tmpfs     /var/log  tmpfs defaults 0 0 +
-tmpfs     /var/lock tmpfs defaults 0 0+
  
 +''root@debian:/# UUID=$(dumpe2fs /dev/sdb1 | grep 'UUID' | cut -d':' -f2 | sed 's/ [ [:space:] ]/ /g')''
  
-root@debian:/# vi /etc/hostname  +    dumpe2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
-NiX+
  
-root@debian:/# sed -i '1s/$/\ndeb http:\/\/security\.debian\.org\/ squeeze\/updates main/' /etc/apt/sources.list +''root@debian:/# echo $UUID''
-root@debian:/# sed -i '1s/$/\ndeb-src http:\/\/security\.debian\.org\/ squeeze\/updates main/' /etc/apt/sources.list+
  
-root@debian:/# cat /etc/apt/sources.list +    8c14d9c1-48cb-4ac1-b91d-780de47f8b8a
-deb http://ftp.ch.debian.org/debian squeeze main +
-deb-src http://security,debian.org/ squeeze/updates main +
-deb http://security,debian.org/ squeeze/updates main+
  
-root@debian:/# aptitude update +''root@debian:/# sed -i "1s/$/\n proc \/proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0/" /etc/fstab''
-root@debian:/# aptitude install locales+
  
-root@debian:/# dpkg-reconfigure locales +''root@debian:/# sed -i "1s/$/\n UUID=$UUID \/ ext3 defaults,noatime 0 1/" /etc/fstab''
-Generating locales (this might take a while)... +
-  fr_CH.ISO-8859-1... done +
-Generation complete.+
  
-root@debian:/# aptitude install console-data+''root@debian:/# dpkg-reconfigure tzdata''
  
-root@debian:/# aptitude install linux-image-486+    Current default time zone: 'Europe/Zurich' 
 +    Local time is now:      Fri Oct 14 17:16:25 CEST 2011. 
 +    Universal Time is now:  Fri Oct 14 15:16:25 UTC 2011.
  
-root@debian:/# aptitude install grub+''root@debian:/# vi /etc/network/interfaces ''
  
-root@debian:/# vi /etc/default/grub  +    # Used by ifup(8) and ifdown(8). See the interfaces(5) manpage or 
-# If you change this file, run 'update-grub' afterwards to update +    # /usr/share/doc/ifupdown/examples for more information. 
-# /boot/grub/grub.cfg.+    auto lo 
 +    iface lo inet loopback 
 +     
 +    auto eth0 
 +    iface eth0 inet dhcp
  
-GRUB_DEFAULT=0 +''root@debian:/# cat /etc/fstab'' 
-GRUB_TIMEOUT=5 +    # UNCONFIGURED FSTAB FOR BASE SYSTEM 
-GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian` +    proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 
-#GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet" +    UUID=8c14d9c1-48cb-4ac1-b91d-780de47f8b8a / ext3 defaults,noatime 0 1 
-GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="verbose console=ttyS0,38400n8 reboot=bios" +    #/dev/sda1 /         ext3  defaults,noatime 0 1 
-GRUB_SERIAL_COMMAND="serial --unit=0 --speed=38400" +    tmpfs     /tmp      tmpfs defaults,noatime 0 0 
-GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""+    tmpfs     /var/tmp  tmpfs defaults,noatime 0 0 
 +    tmpfs     /var/run  tmpfs defaults 0 0 
 +    tmpfs     /var/log  tmpfs defaults 0 0 
 +    tmpfs     /var/lock tmpfs defaults 0 0
  
-# Uncomment to enable BadRAM filtering, modify to suit your needs +''root@debian:/# vi /etc/hostname''
-# This works with Linux (no patch required) and with any kernel that obtains +
-# the memory map information from GRUB (GNU Mach, kernel of FreeBSD ...) +
-#GRUB_BADRAM="0x01234567,0xfefefefe,0x89abcdef,0xefefefef"+
  
-# Uncomment to disable graphical terminal (grub-pc only) +    NiX
-#GRUB_TERMINAL=console +
-GRUB_TERMINAL=serial+
  
-# The resolution used on graphical terminal +''root@debian:/# sed -i '1s/$/\ndeb http:\/\/security\.debian\.org\/ squeeze\/updates main/' /etc/apt/sources.list''
-# note that you can use only modes which your graphic card supports via VBE +
-# you can see them in real GRUB with the command `vbeinfo' +
-#GRUB_GFXMODE=640x480+
  
-# Uncomment if you don't want GRUB to pass "root=UUID=xxx" parameter to Linux +''root@debian:/# sed -i '1s/$/\ndeb-src http:\/\/security\.debian\.org\/ squeeze\/updates main/' /etc/apt/sources.list''
-#GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_UUID=true+
  
-# Uncomment to disable generation of recovery mode menu entries +''root@debian:/# cat /etc/apt/sources.list''
-#GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_RECOVERY="true"+
  
-# Uncomment to get a beep at grub start +    deb http://ftp.ch.debian.org/debian squeeze main 
-#GRUB_INIT_TUNE="480 440 1"+    deb-src http://security,debian.org/ squeeze/updates main 
 +    deb http://security,debian.org/ squeeze/updates main 
 +     
 +<note important>a partir de cette étape, il est possible qu'une erreur de Upstart survient, pour contourné ce problème, suivez c'est quelques lignes [[operating_systems:linux:debian:flash_card:Ubuntu_upstart|ici]] et reprenez les mise à jour des packets du début.</note>
  
-debian:/mnt/cf/boot/grub# echo '(hd0) /dev/sdb' > /boot/grub/device.map+''root@debian:/# aptitude update''
  
-root@debian:/# grub-install /dev/sdb +''root@debian:/# aptitude install locales''
-Installation finished. No error reported.+
  
-root@debian:/# update-grub +''root@debian:/# dpkg-reconfigure locales'' 
-Generating grub.cfg ... +    Generating locales (this might take a while)... 
-Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-5-486 +      fr_CH.ISO-8859-1... done 
-Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-5-486 +    Generation complete.
-done+
  
---CHECK-- root@debian:/# sed -i 's/hd1/hd0/g' /boot/grub/grub.cfg +''root@debian:/# aptitude install console-data''
  
-root@debian:/# vi /etc/inittab  +''root@debian:/# aptitude install linux-image-486''
-#1:2345:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty1 +
-#2:23:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty2 +
-#3:23:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty3 +
-#4:23:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty4 +
-#5:23:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty5 +
-#6:23:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty6+
  
-T0:23:respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS0 9600 vt100+''root@debian:/# aptitude install grub''
  
-root@debian:/# passwd root    (nixpw) +''root@debian:/# vi /etc/default/grub'' 
-Enter new UNIX password:  +    # If you change this file, run 'update-grub' afterwards to update 
-Retype new UNIX password:  +    # /boot/grub/grub.cfg. 
-passwd: password updated successfully+     
 +    GRUB_DEFAULT=0 
 +    GRUB_TIMEOUT=5 
 +    GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian` 
 +    #GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet" 
 +    GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="verbose console=ttyS0,38400n8 reboot=bios" 
 +    GRUB_SERIAL_COMMAND="serial --unit=0 --speed=38400" 
 +    GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="" 
 +     
 +    # Uncomment to enable BadRAM filtering, modify to suit your needs 
 +    # This works with Linux (no patch required) and with any kernel that obtains 
 +    # the memory map information from GRUB (GNU Mach, kernel of FreeBSD ...) 
 +    #GRUB_BADRAM="0x01234567,0xfefefefe,0x89abcdef,0xefefefef" 
 +     
 +    # Uncomment to disable graphical terminal (grub-pc only) 
 +    #GRUB_TERMINAL=console 
 +    GRUB_TERMINAL=serial 
 +     
 +    # The resolution used on graphical terminal 
 +    # note that you can use only modes which your graphic card supports via VBE 
 +    # you can see them in real GRUB with the command `vbeinfo' 
 +    #GRUB_GFXMODE=640x480 
 +     
 +    # Uncomment if you don't want GRUB to pass "root=UUID=xxx" parameter to Linux 
 +    #GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_UUID=true 
 +     
 +    # Uncomment to disable generation of recovery mode menu entries 
 +    #GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_RECOVERY="true" 
 +     
 +    # Uncomment to get a beep at grub start 
 +    #GRUB_INIT_TUNE="480 440 1"
  
-root@debian:/# aptitude install rsyslog sudo +''debian:/mnt/cf/boot/grub# echo '(hd0) /dev/sdb' > /boot/grub/device.map''
-root@debian:/# tasksel install standard +
-root@debian:/# tasksel install ssh-server +
-root@debian:/# aptitude clean +
-root@debian:/# umount /dev/pts +
-root@debian:/# exit +
-exit+
  
-debian:/# umount /mnt/cf/proc/ +''root@debian:/# grub-install /dev/sdb'' 
-debian:/# umount /mnt/cf/sys +    Installation finished. No error reported.
-debian:/# umount /mnt/cf/dev +
-debian:/# umount /mnt/cf+
  
 +''root@debian:/# update-grub''
  
-debian:/mnt# df -h +    Generating grub.cfg ... 
-Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on +    Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-5-486 
-/dev/sdb1             3.7G  547M  3.0G  16% /mnt/cf+    Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-5-486 
 +    done
  
 +''root@debian:/# sed -i 's/hd1/hd0/g' /boot/grub/grub.cfg''
 +
 +''root@debian:/# vi /etc/inittab''
 +
 +    #1:2345:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty1
 +    #2:23:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty2
 +    #3:23:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty3
 +    #4:23:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty4
 +    #5:23:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty5
 +    #6:23:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty6
 +    
 +    T0:23:respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS0 9600 vt100
 +
 +''root@debian:/# passwd root    (nixpw)''
 +
 +    Enter new UNIX password: 
 +    Retype new UNIX password: 
 +    passwd: password updated successfully
 +
 +''root@debian:/# aptitude install rsyslog sudo''
 +
 +''root@debian:/# tasksel install standard''
 +
 +''root@debian:/# tasksel install ssh-server''
 +
 +''root@debian:/# aptitude clean''
 +
 +''root@debian:/# umount /dev/pts''
 +
 +''root@debian:/# exit''
 +
 +    exit
 +
 +''debian:/# umount /mnt/cf/proc/''
 +
 +''debian:/# umount /mnt/cf/sys''
 +
 +''debian:/# umount /mnt/cf/dev''
 +
 +''debian:/# umount /mnt/cf''
 +
 +''debian:/mnt# df -h''
 +
 +    Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
 +    /dev/sdb1             3.7G  547M  3.0G  16% /mnt/cf
 +    
  
-Links:+Si le système d'exploitation ne démarre pas, revérifier fichier /etc/fstab. la variable UUID doit est impérativement collé au '=' et à l'UUID du stockage.  
 +===== Links: =====
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6VPsgR4pMik http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6VPsgR4pMik
 https://mseiwald.at/doc/alix/installation https://mseiwald.at/doc/alix/installation
operating_systems/linux/debian/flash_card.txt · Last modified: 2013/12/20 09:57 by jzaehrin