operating_systems:raspbian:raspbian
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operating_systems:raspbian:raspbian [2019/04/30 08:31] – maferreira | operating_systems:raspbian:raspbian [2019/07/22 09:50] (current) – removed maferreira | ||
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- | ====== Raspbian ====== | ||
- | ===== Clone only a directory ===== | ||
- | git clone <git path> | ||
- | cd <git directory> | ||
- | git config core.sparsecheckout true | ||
- | echo "< | ||
- | git checkout -- | ||
- | | ||
- | ===== Reduce time that is used to raise network interfaces ===== | ||
- | As root, create the " | ||
- | mkdir / | ||
- | vi reduce-timeout.conf | ||
- | | ||
- | Then add this to your " | ||
- | [Service] | ||
- | TimeoutStartSec=XX | ||
- | | ||
- | < | ||
- | ===== Disable swap ===== | ||
- | As root, turn off the process that automatically creates a swap file | ||
- | / | ||
- | |||
- | Also as root, add " | ||
- | vi / | ||
- | |||
- | ### BEGIN INIT INFO | ||
- | # Provides: | ||
- | # Required-Start: | ||
- | # Required-Stop: | ||
- | # Should-Start: | ||
- | # Should-Stop: | ||
- | # Default-Start: | ||
- | # Default-Stop: | ||
- | # Short-Description: | ||
- | # Description: | ||
- | # swap partition. Instead install without swap partition and then run | ||
- | # this, with file size (re-)computed automatically to fit the current | ||
- | # RAM size. | ||
- | ### END INIT INFO | ||
- | | ||
- | exit 0 | ||
- | | ||
- | . / | ||
- | | ||
- | # get ready to work | ||
- | PATH=/ | ||
- | export PATH | ||
- | | ||
- | ... | ||
- | | ||
- | |||
- | ===== Stop process using files in / ===== | ||
- | First we need to know which processes are using files in the directory we want to make read-only. To do so, you can use the fuser command. | ||
- | sudo fuser -v -m / | ||
- | You should have something like this | ||
- | USER PID ACCESS COMMAND | ||
- | /: | ||
- | Some other process | ||
- | | ||
- | root 423 Frce. rsyslogd | ||
- | root 657 Frce. dhclient | ||
- | | ||
- | Some other process | ||
- | |||
- | < | ||
- | |||
- | Now, if you check rsyslog status it might be stopped because it uses / | ||
- | vim / | ||
- | |||
- | [Unit] | ||
- | Description=Generate rsyslog structure | ||
- | Before=rsyslog.service | ||
- | | ||
- | [Service] | ||
- | ExecStart=/ | ||
- | Type=oneshot | ||
- | | ||
- | [Install] | ||
- | WantedBy=default.target | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | And then create " | ||
- | #!/bin/bash | ||
- | | ||
- | if [ -r / | ||
- | WorkDirectory=$(grep " | ||
- | else | ||
- | echo " | ||
- | exit 1 | ||
- | fi | ||
- | | ||
- | [ -d " | ||
- | | ||
- | exit 0 | ||
- | Restart rsyslog and it should work! | ||
- | |||
- | From the 2 processes I showed you earlier, only dhclient remains. | ||
- | |||
- | dhclient is launched by dhcpcd which uses a file as database for each network interface (/ | ||
- | |||
- | After reading the dhcpcd documentation, | ||
- | |||
- | So I took a look to the dhcpcd.conf manual page but I didn't found a " | ||
- | |||
- | I started thinking if I couldn' | ||
- | |||
- | If you have done the BLFS project before, you might remember installing dhcpcd package. | ||
- | Here is what they used to compile it: | ||
- | |||
- | ./configure --libexecdir=/ | ||
- | --dbdir=/ | ||
- | make | ||
- | sudo make install | ||
- | As you can see, dbdir is a compilation variable that contains the path where dhcpcd can find the lease files for each network interface. | ||
- | |||
- | Here is the precedure I used to try to find if there is a config file other than dhcpcd.conf or if there is an option to change the default lease files path. | ||
- | - Find out where dbdir is defined/ | ||
- | - Search for some kind of read_config function and see where it is used | ||
- | Unfortunately, | ||
- | I searched in the dhcpcd.conf manual page for an option that isn't used very often in order to make the " | ||
- | |||
- | I choose the **xidhwaddr** option. I executed **grep -r -i " | ||
- | ./ | ||
- | ./ | ||
- | ./ | ||
- | | ||
- | After this, I took a look to the if-options.c file to know where this C struct option where used. The first line of code I found contained a **parse_config_line function** which had a **char *line** parameter. | ||
- | |||
- | The next step was to find out where this function was called. I found out that it was called by a read_config function which didn't have a char *line parameter. | ||
- | |||
- | It was obvious that the line variable was initialised and declared inside read_config. After a research in that function, I realised that the line variable contained data from either dhcpcd.conf or / | ||
- | |||
- | After some time of lecture, I found out that there wasn't a config file with a lease-file option. | ||
- | |||
- | |||
- | |||
- | ===== Create a clean raspbian image ===== | ||
- | sudo dd if=/ | ||
- | | ||
- | <note important> | ||
- | |||
- | Before modifying **cmdline.txt** and **config.txt**, | ||
- | cp -p cmdline.txt cmdline.txt.original | ||
- | cp -p config.txt config.txt.original | ||
- | Once you have finished, change the output console device and remove the script that autoexpands / partition size at first startup. | ||
- | vi cmdline.txt | ||
- | console=serial0, | ||
- | delete init=/ | ||
- | |||
- | Don't forget to enable this option, otherwise you won't be able to communicate to your raspberry pi throught raspberry debug port (TTL-232R-RPi). | ||
- | vi config.txt | ||
- | add this : enable_uart=1 | ||
- | |||
- | / | ||
- | devtmpfs | ||
- | tmpfs | ||
- | tmpfs | ||
- | tmpfs | ||
- | tmpfs | ||
- | / | ||
- | tmpfs 93M | ||
- | | ||
- | Now, resize the / partition and create a new one. As root, type : | ||
- | fdisk / | ||
- | Your partition table should look like this : | ||
- | Device | ||
- | / | ||
- | / | ||
- | Delete the / partition, and create a new one (primary) which starts at **THE SAME POSITION** as the one you have just deleted, in my case 98304.\\ | ||
- | In the **fstab**, replace **PARTUUID** by / | ||
- | resize2fs / | ||
- | |||
- | sudo apt update | ||
- | sudo apt upgrade | ||
- | |||
- | touch /boot/ssh | ||
- | sudo systemctl enable ssh | ||
- | sudo systemctl start ssh | ||
- | Reference : https:// | ||
- | |||
- | vi fstab | ||
- | tmpfs / | ||
- | tmpfs / | ||
- | | ||
- | reboot | ||
- | Check if there are any errors | ||
- | |||
- | vi / | ||
- | | ||
- | [Unit] | ||
- | Description=Generate Rsyslog structure | ||
- | Before=syslog.service | ||
- | | ||
- | [Service] | ||
- | ExecStart=/ | ||
- | Type=oneshot | ||
- | | ||
- | [Install] | ||
- | WantedBy=default.target | ||
- | |||
- | vi / | ||
- | #!/bin/bash | ||
- | | ||
- | if [ -r / | ||
- | WorkDirectory=$(grep " | ||
- | else | ||
- | echo " | ||
- | exit 1 | ||
- | fi | ||
- | | ||
- | if [ ! -d " | ||
- | mkdir $WorkDirectory | ||
- | fi | ||
- | | ||
- | exit 0 | ||
- | |||
- | sudo chmod 664 generateRsyslogStructure.service | ||
- | chmod a+x generateRsyslogStructure.sh | ||
- | | ||
- | sudo systemctl enable enerateRsyslogStructure.service | ||
- | vi /etc/fstab | ||
- | tmpfs / | ||
- | | ||
- | reboot | ||
- | |||
- | vi /etc/fstab | ||
- | tmpfs / | ||
- | | ||
- | reboot | ||
- | Systemd-hostnamed doest not start | ||
- | vi /etc/fstab | ||
- | tmpfs / | ||
- | | ||
- | reboot | ||
- | |||
- | vi /etc/fstab | ||
- | PARTUUID=c1dc39e5-02 | ||
- | | ||
- | reboot | ||
- | |||
- | vi /etc/fstab | ||
- | PARTUUID=c1dc39e5-01 | ||
- | |||
- | sudo systemctl stop dphys-swapfile.service | ||
- | sudo systemctl disable dphys-swapfile.service | ||
- | reboot | ||
- | Systemd manual: https:// | ||
- | |||
- | Create a partition with the unused partition size.\\ | ||
- | --Rw mode--\\ | ||
- | Create / | ||
- | Mount /media/data (/ | ||
- | reboot\\ | ||
- | --Ro mode--\\ | ||
- | reboot\\ | ||
- | vi / | ||
- | | ||
- | #! /bin/bash | ||
- | | ||
- | history -c | ||
- | set +o history | ||
- | | ||
- | export HISTFILESIZE=0 | ||
- | export HISTSIZE=0 | ||
- | unset HISTFILE | ||
- | | ||
- | chmod a+x / | ||
- | | ||
- | reboot | ||
- | ===== Rename username ===== | ||
- | As root account is disabled by default on raspberrian, | ||
- | sudo mount -o remount,rw / | ||
- | sudo su passwd root | ||
- | And then enter the new password you want. | ||
- | |||
- | usermod -l acdsn pi | ||
- | usermod -m -d /home/acdsn acdsn | ||
- | Set a password to the user | ||
- | passwd acdsn | ||
- | |||
- | ===== Rename group ===== | ||
- | groupmod --new-name acdsn pi | ||
- | |||
- | ===== Rename hostname ===== | ||
- | vi / | ||
- | Replace the existing hostname by the new one. | ||
- | ===== Generate ssh keys ===== | ||
- | ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 2048 |