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--- operating_systems:raspbian:clean_installation [2019/05/14 12:07] – maferreira
+++ operating_systems:raspbian:clean_installation [2019/07/22 09:49] (current) – removed maferreira
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-====== Create a clean raspbian image ======
-===== Clean your sd card =====
-Before writing the raspbian image into your sd card, clean your storage device by turning all its bits into  0.
-    # dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/rdisk<sd card number> bs=4m
-===== Burn raspbian image into sd card =====
-    # dd if=/Users/<username>/Downloads/2019-04-08-raspbian-stretch-lite.img of=/dev/rdisk<sd card number> bs=4m
-===== Serial connection and disable first boot autosize =====
-<note important>Do the following 3 steps **BEFORE BOOTING FOR THE FIRST TIME** your raspberry pi</note>
-==== Backup cmdline.txt and config.txt ====
-Before modifying **cmdline.txt** and **config.txt**, **BACKUP THEM**!
-    $ cp -p cmdline.txt cmdline.txt.original
-    $ cp -p config.txt config.txt.original
-==== Modify cmdline.txt ====
-Once you have finished, change the output console device and remove the script that autoexpands / partition size at first startup.
-    $ vi cmdline.txt
-    console=serial0,115200 console=tty1 -> console=ttyAMA0,115200
-    delete init=/usr/lib/raspi-config/init_resize.sh
-==== Modify config.txt ====
-Don't forget to enable this option, otherwise you won't be able to communicate to your raspberry pi throught raspberry debug port (TTL-232R-RPi).
-    $ vi config.txt
-    add this : enable_uart=1
-    /dev/root       1.6G  978M  538M  65% /
-    devtmpfs        460M     0  460M   0% /dev
-    tmpfs           464M     0  464M   0% /dev/shm
-    tmpfs           464M   12M  452M   3% /run
-    tmpfs           5.0M  4.0K  5.0M   1% /run/lock
-    tmpfs           464M     0  464M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
-    /dev/mmcblk0p1   43M   22M   21M  51% /boot
-    tmpfs            93M     0   93M   0% /run/user/1000
-===== Resize / manualy and create /media/data partition =====
-Now, resize the / partition and create a new one.
-    # fdisk /dev/mmcblk0
-Your partition table should look like this :
-    Device         Boot Start     End Sectors  Size Id Type
-    /dev/mmcblk0p1       8192   96042   87851 42.9M  c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
-    /dev/mmcblk0p2      98304 3522559 3424256  1.6G 83 Linux
-Delete the / partition, and create a new one (primary) which starts at **THE SAME POSITION** as the one you have  just deleted, in my case **98304**.\\
-In the **fstab**, replace **PARTUUID** by /dev/mmcblk0p<partition number>. Reboot your raspberry pi and then tell your system you have resized a partition by typing :
-    # resize2fs /dev/mmcblk0p<partition number>
-After creating the partition that will be mounted at /media/data, **reboot** your raspberry pi. Then, turn it into an ext4 partition, and add it to **fstab**.
-    # mkfs.ext4 /dev/mmcblk0p3
-    # mkdir -p /media/data
-    # vi /etc/fstab
-    /dev/mmcblk0p3        /media/data     ext4    defaults             0       0
-<note important>Make sure you have **CREATED /media/data** folder **BEFORE MOUNTING** it because your raspberry pi **WON'T BOOT** after that : **Cannot open access to console. The root account is locked see sulogin(8) man page for more details.**</note>
-Now, it's time to test what you have done.
-    # mount -a
-    $ df -h
-    Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
-    /dev/root       7.9G  1.1G  6.5G  14% /
-    devtmpfs        460M     0  460M   0% /dev
-    tmpfs           464M     0  464M   0% /dev/shm
-    tmpfs           464M   12M  452M   3% /run
-    tmpfs           5.0M  4.0K  5.0M   1% /run/lock
-    tmpfs           464M     0  464M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
-    tmpfs           464M     0  464M   0% /var/spool
-    tmpfs           464M  148K  464M   1% /var/log
-    tmpfs           464M     0  464M   0% /var/tmp
-    tmpfs           464M     0  464M   0% /tmp
-    /dev/mmcblk0p1   43M   22M   21M  51% /boot
-    tmpfs            93M     0   93M   0% /run/user/1000
-    /dev/mmcblk0p3  6.7G   31M  6.3G   1% /media/data
-===== Update raspbian packages and install needed packages =====
-    # apt update
-    # apt upgrade
-    # apt install --no-install-recommends tree lsof nmap git
-===== Enable ssh =====
-    touch /boot/ssh
-    # systemctl enable ssh
-    # systemctl start ssh
-Reference : https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/remote-access/ssh/
-===== Mount partitions =====
-    # vi /etc/fstab
-    tmpfs		/tmp		tmpfs	defaults	  0	  0
-    tmpfs		/run		tmpfs	defaults	  0	  0
-    tmpfs		/var/spool	tmpfs	defaults	  0	  0
-    tmpfs		/var/log	tmpfs	defaults	  0	  0
-    # reboot
-<note important>**REBOOT** your raspberry pi **AFTER** adding each line to **FSTAB**</note>
-Systemd-hostnamed doest not start
-    # vi /etc/fstab
-    tmpfs		/var/tmp	tmpfs   defaults	  0	  0
-Check if there are any errors
-===== Fix rsyslog /var/spool/rsyslog directory missing =====
-==== By unit file ====
-    # vi /etc/systemd/system/generateRsyslogStructure.service
-    [Unit]
-    Description=Generate Rsyslog structure
-    Before=syslog.service
-    [Service]
-    ExecStart=/bin/bash /home/pi/generateRsyslogStructure.sh
-    Type=oneshot
-    [Install]
-    WantedBy=default.target
-    $ vi /home/pi/generateRsyslogStructure.sh
-    #!/bin/bash
-    if [ -r /etc/rsyslog.conf ]; then
-        WorkDirectory=$(grep "WorkDirectory" /etc/rsyslog.conf | cut -d\  -f2)
-    else
-        echo "Cannot read /etc/rsyslog.conf" >> /tmp/rsyslogService.txt
-        exit 1
-    fi
-    if [ ! -d "$WorkDirectory" ]; then
-        mkdir $WorkDirectory
-    fi
-    exit 0
-    sudo chmod 664 generateRsyslogStructure.service
-    chmod a+x generateRsyslogStructure.sh
-    # systemctl enable generateRsyslogStructure.service
-==== By tmpfiles.d config files ====
-    # vi /etc/tmpfiles.d/genRsyslogStruc.conf
-    d /var/spool/rsyslog 0755 root root
-    # mkdir /var/spool/rsyslog
-Reference: [[http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man5/tmpfiles.d.5.html]]
-===== Disable swap =====
-    # systemctl stop dphys-swapfile.service
-    # systemctl disable dphys-swapfile.service
-    # reboot
-===== Mount system in read-only mode =====
-    # vi /etc/fstab
-    /dev/mmcblk0p2  /               ext4    defaults,noatime,ro  0       1
-    /dev/mmcblk0p1  /boot           vfat    defaults,ro          0       2
-<note important>**REBOOT** your raspberry pi **AFTER** adding each line to **FSTAB**</note>
-Systemd manual: https://freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#id-1.20.8
-===== Disable apt-daily.service and apt-daily-upgrade.service=====
-If you reboot your raspberry pi, you might see that apt-daily-upgrade.service failed to start. This happens because your system is in read-only mode. To solve this, disable it and it's timer.
-    root@3780:/home/acdsn# systemctl list-timers
-    NEXT                          LEFT     LAST                          PASSED       UNIT                         ACTIVATES
-    Mon 2019-05-06 20:48:57 CEST  6h left  Mon 2019-05-06 08:38:50 CEST  6h ago       apt-daily.timer              apt-daily.service
-    Tue 2019-05-07 06:39:25 CEST  15h left Mon 2019-05-06 14:27:48 CEST  19min ago    apt-daily-upgrade.timer      apt-daily-upgrade.service
-    Tue 2019-05-07 14:43:08 CEST  23h left Mon 2019-05-06 14:43:08 CEST  3min 45s ago systemd-tmpfiles-clean.timer systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service
-Now that you have the timer and ther unit name, stop and disable them.
-    # systemctl stop apt-daily.timer
-    # systemctl stop apt-daily.service
-    # systemctl disable apt-daily.timer
-    # systemctl disable apt-daily.service
-    # systemctl stop apt-daily-upgrade.timer
-    # systemctl stop apt-daily-upgrade.service
-    # systemctl disable apt-daily-upgrade.timer
-    # systemctl disable apt-daily-upgrade.service
-===== systemd-tmpfiles =====
-This service doesn't start on boot. Move /var/lib/sudo/ts to /media/data/var/lib/sudo/ts by creating a symlink.
-    # mkdir -p /media/data/var/lib/sudo/ts
-    # rm -r /var/lib/sudo/ts
-    # ln -s /media/data/var/lib/sudo/ts /var/lib/sudo/ts