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operating_systems:linux:debian:flash_card

Flash Card

Installation d'une Debian sur une carte flash.

Version humainement lisible: Flash Card Tret

Bug de upstart en chroot

Préparation de la carte

Réinitialiser la carte à zéro.

debian:/home/sbolay# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdb

  dd: writing to `/dev/sdb': No space left on device
  7813121+0 records in
  7813120+0 records out
  4000317440 bytes (4.0 GB) copied, 1873.47 s, 2.1 MB/s

Création des partitions

Une fois la carte entièrement réinitialisée, on crée la partition qui accueillera le système.

debian:/home/sbolay# fdisk /dev/sdb

  Command (m for help): p
  
  Disk /dev/sdb: 4000 MB, 4000317440 bytes
  124 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1016 cylinders
  Units = cylinders of 7688 * 512 = 3936256 bytes
  Disk identifier: 0xbf7f3f48
  
  Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
  
  Command (m for help): n
  Command action
     e   extended
     p   primary partition (1-4)
  p
  Partition number (1-4): 1
  First cylinder (1-1016, default 1): 
  Using default value 1
  Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-1016, default 1016): 
  Using default value 1016
  
  Command (m for help): p
  
  Disk /dev/sdb: 4000 MB, 4000317440 bytes
  124 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1016 cylinders
  Units = cylinders of 7688 * 512 = 3936256 bytes
  Disk identifier: 0xbf7f3f48
     Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
  /dev/sdb1               1        1016     3905473   83  Linux
  
  Command (m for help): w
  The partition table has been altered!
  
  Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
  Syncing disks.

Formatage de la partition

On crée la partition qui contiendra notre Debian.

debian:/home/sbolay# mkfs.ext3 -v /dev/sdb1

  mke2fs 1.41.3 (12-Oct-2008)
  fs_types for mke2fs.conf resolution: 'ext3', 'default'
  Filesystem label=
  OS type: Linux
  Block size=4096 (log=2)
  Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
  244320 inodes, 976368 blocks
  48818 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
  First data block=0
  Maximum filesystem blocks=1002438656
  30 block groups
  32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
  8144 inodes per group
  Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
      32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736
  
  Writing inode tables: done                            
  Creating journal (16384 blocks): done
  Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
  
  This filesystem will be automatically checked every 31 mounts or
  180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

Installation de Debian

Installation de l'image

L'utilitaire 'debootstrap' va installer une image de Debian sur la carte.

debian:/mnt# mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/cf/

debian:/mnt# debootstrap –arch i386 squeeze /mnt/cf/ http://ftp.ch.debian.org/debian

  ....
  I: Configuring aptitude...
  I: Configuring tasksel-data...
  I: Configuring tasksel...
  I: Base system installed successfully.

Configuration de l'image

debian:/mnt# mount -t proc none /mnt/cf/proc

debian:/mnt# mount -t sysfs none /mnt/cf/sys

debian:/mnt# mount -o bind /proc /mnt/cf/proc

debian:/mnt# mount -o bind /dev /mnt/cf/dev

debian:/mnt# mount -o bind /sys /mnt/cf/sys

debian:/mnt# LANG=C chroot /mnt/cf/ /bin/bash

root@debian:/# mount devpts /dev/pts -t devpts

root@debian:/# UUID=$(dumpe2fs /dev/sdb1 | grep 'UUID' | cut -d':' -f2 | sed 's/ [ [:space:] ]/ /g')

  dumpe2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)

root@debian:/# echo $UUID

  8c14d9c1-48cb-4ac1-b91d-780de47f8b8a

root@debian:/# sed -i “1s/$/\n proc \/proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0/” /etc/fstab

root@debian:/# sed -i “1s/$/\n UUID=$UUID \/ ext3 defaults,noatime 0 1/” /etc/fstab

root@debian:/# dpkg-reconfigure tzdata

  Current default time zone: 'Europe/Zurich'
  Local time is now:      Fri Oct 14 17:16:25 CEST 2011.
  Universal Time is now:  Fri Oct 14 15:16:25 UTC 2011.

root@debian:/# vi /etc/network/interfaces

  # Used by ifup(8) and ifdown(8). See the interfaces(5) manpage or
  # /usr/share/doc/ifupdown/examples for more information.
  auto lo
  iface lo inet loopback
  
  auto eth0
  iface eth0 inet dhcp

root@debian:/# cat /etc/fstab

  # UNCONFIGURED FSTAB FOR BASE SYSTEM
  proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
  UUID=8c14d9c1-48cb-4ac1-b91d-780de47f8b8a / ext3 defaults,noatime 0 1
  #/dev/sda1 /         ext3  defaults,noatime 0 1
  tmpfs     /tmp      tmpfs defaults,noatime 0 0
  tmpfs     /var/tmp  tmpfs defaults,noatime 0 0
  tmpfs     /var/run  tmpfs defaults 0 0
  tmpfs     /var/log  tmpfs defaults 0 0
  tmpfs     /var/lock tmpfs defaults 0 0

root@debian:/# vi /etc/hostname

  NiX

root@debian:/# sed -i '1s/$/\ndeb http:\/\/security\.debian\.org\/ squeeze\/updates main/' /etc/apt/sources.list

root@debian:/# sed -i '1s/$/\ndeb-src http:\/\/security\.debian\.org\/ squeeze\/updates main/' /etc/apt/sources.list

root@debian:/# cat /etc/apt/sources.list

  deb http://ftp.ch.debian.org/debian squeeze main
  deb-src http://security,debian.org/ squeeze/updates main
  deb http://security,debian.org/ squeeze/updates main
  
a partir de cette étape, il est possible qu'une erreur de Upstart survienne, pour contourné ce problème, suivez c'est quelques lignes ici et reprenez les mise à jour des packets du début.

root@debian:/# aptitude update

root@debian:/# aptitude install locales

root@debian:/# dpkg-reconfigure locales

  Generating locales (this might take a while)...
    fr_CH.ISO-8859-1... done
  Generation complete.

root@debian:/# aptitude install console-data

root@debian:/# aptitude install linux-image-486

root@debian:/# aptitude install grub

root@debian:/# vi /etc/default/grub

  # If you change this file, run 'update-grub' afterwards to update
  # /boot/grub/grub.cfg.
  
  GRUB_DEFAULT=0
  GRUB_TIMEOUT=5
  GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian`
  #GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet"
  GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="verbose console=ttyS0,38400n8 reboot=bios"
  GRUB_SERIAL_COMMAND="serial --unit=0 --speed=38400"
  GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""
  
  # Uncomment to enable BadRAM filtering, modify to suit your needs
  # This works with Linux (no patch required) and with any kernel that obtains
  # the memory map information from GRUB (GNU Mach, kernel of FreeBSD ...)
  #GRUB_BADRAM="0x01234567,0xfefefefe,0x89abcdef,0xefefefef"
  
  # Uncomment to disable graphical terminal (grub-pc only)
  #GRUB_TERMINAL=console
  GRUB_TERMINAL=serial
  
  # The resolution used on graphical terminal
  # note that you can use only modes which your graphic card supports via VBE
  # you can see them in real GRUB with the command `vbeinfo'
  #GRUB_GFXMODE=640x480
  
  # Uncomment if you don't want GRUB to pass "root=UUID=xxx" parameter to Linux
  #GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_UUID=true
  
  # Uncomment to disable generation of recovery mode menu entries
  #GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_RECOVERY="true"
  
  # Uncomment to get a beep at grub start
  #GRUB_INIT_TUNE="480 440 1"

debian:/mnt/cf/boot/grub# echo '(hd0) /dev/sdb' > /boot/grub/device.map

root@debian:/# grub-install /dev/sdb

  Installation finished. No error reported.

root@debian:/# update-grub

  Generating grub.cfg ...
  Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-5-486
  Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-5-486
  done

root@debian:/# sed -i 's/hd1/hd0/g' /boot/grub/grub.cfg

root@debian:/# vi /etc/inittab

  #1:2345:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty1
  #2:23:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty2
  #3:23:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty3
  #4:23:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty4
  #5:23:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty5
  #6:23:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty6
  
  T0:23:respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS0 9600 vt100

root@debian:/# passwd root (nixpw)

  Enter new UNIX password: 
  Retype new UNIX password: 
  passwd: password updated successfully

root@debian:/# aptitude install rsyslog sudo

root@debian:/# tasksel install standard

root@debian:/# tasksel install ssh-server

root@debian:/# aptitude clean

root@debian:/# umount /dev/pts

root@debian:/# exit

  exit

debian:/# umount /mnt/cf/proc/

debian:/# umount /mnt/cf/sys

debian:/# umount /mnt/cf/dev

debian:/# umount /mnt/cf

debian:/mnt# df -h

  Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
  /dev/sdb1             3.7G  547M  3.0G  16% /mnt/cf
  

Si le système d'exploitation ne démarre pas, revérifier fichier /etc/fstab. la variable UUID doit est impérativement collé au '=' et à l'UUID du stockage.

operating_systems/linux/debian/flash_card.txt · Last modified: 2013/12/20 09:57 by jzaehrin