Installation d'une Debian sur une carte flash.

On commence par supprimer les partitions déjà crées sur la carte.

debian:/home/sbolay# fdisk /dev/sdb Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 4000 MB, 4000317440 bytes 124 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1016 cylinders Units = cylinders of 7688 * 512 = 3936256 bytes Disk identifier: 0xbf7f3f48 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 * 1 1013 3893941 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 1014 1016 11532 83 Linux Command (m for help): d 1 Partition number (1-4): 1 Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 4000 MB, 4000317440 bytes 124 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1016 cylinders Units = cylinders of 7688 * 512 = 3936256 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb2 1014 1016 11532 83 Linux Command (m for help): d 1 Selected partition 2 Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 4000 MB, 4000317440 bytes 124 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1016 cylinders Units = cylinders of 7688 * 512 = 3936256 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks.

Une fois les partitions supprimées, on réinitialise la carte à zéro.

debian:/home/sbolay# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdb

  dd: writing to `/dev/sdb': No space left on device
  7813121+0 records in
  7813120+0 records out
  4000317440 bytes (4.0 GB) copied, 1873.47 s, 2.1 MB/s

Une fois la carte entièrement réinitialisée, on crée la partition qui accueillera le système.

debian:/home/sbolay# fdisk /dev/sdb

  Command (m for help): p
  
  Disk /dev/sdb: 4000 MB, 4000317440 bytes
  124 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1016 cylinders
  Units = cylinders of 7688 * 512 = 3936256 bytes
  Disk identifier: 0xbf7f3f48
  
  Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
  
  Command (m for help): n
  Command action
     e   extended
     p   primary partition (1-4)
  p
  Partition number (1-4): 1
  First cylinder (1-1016, default 1): 
  Using default value 1
  Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-1016, default 1016): 
  Using default value 1016
  
  Command (m for help): p
  
  Disk /dev/sdb: 4000 MB, 4000317440 bytes
  124 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1016 cylinders
  Units = cylinders of 7688 * 512 = 3936256 bytes
  Disk identifier: 0xbf7f3f48

     Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
  /dev/sdb1               1        1016     3905473   83  Linux
  
  Command (m for help): w
  The partition table has been altered!
  
  Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
  Syncing disks.

On crée la partition qui contiendra notre Debian.

debian:/home/sbolay# mkfs.ext3 -v /dev/sdb1

  mke2fs 1.41.3 (12-Oct-2008)
  fs_types for mke2fs.conf resolution: 'ext3', 'default'
  Filesystem label=
  OS type: Linux
  Block size=4096 (log=2)
  Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
  244320 inodes, 976368 blocks
  48818 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
  First data block=0
  Maximum filesystem blocks=1002438656
  30 block groups
  32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
  8144 inodes per group
  Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
      32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736
  
  Writing inode tables: done                            
  Creating journal (16384 blocks): done
  Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
  
  This filesystem will be automatically checked every 31 mounts or
  180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

L'utilitaire 'debootstrap' va installer une image de Debian sur la carte.

debian:/mnt# mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/cf/

debian:/mnt# debootstrap –arch i386 squeeze /mnt/cf/ http://ftp.ch.debian.org/debian …. I: Configuring aptitude… I: Configuring tasksel-data… I: Configuring tasksel… I: Base system installed successfully.

—- debian:/mnt# mount -t proc none /mnt/cf/proc —- debian:/mnt# mount -t sysfs nonen /mnt/cf/sys

debian:/mnt# mount -o bind /proc /mnt/cf/proc debian:/mnt# mount -o bind /dev /mnt/cf/dev debian:/mnt# mount -o bind /sys /mnt/cf/sys

debian:/mnt# LANG=C chroot /mnt/cf/ /bin/bash

root@debian:/# mount devpts /dev/pts -t devpts

root@debian:/# UUID=$(dumpe2fs /dev/sdb1 | grep 'UUID' | cut -d':' -f2 | sed 's/spaceg') dumpe2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) root@debian:/# echo $UUID 8c14d9c1-48cb-4ac1-b91d-780de47f8b8a root@debian:/# sed -i “1s/$/\n proc \/proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0/” /etc/fstab root@debian:/# sed -i “1s/$/\n UUID=$UUID \/ ext3 defaults,noatime 0 1/” /etc/fstab root@debian:/# dpkg-reconfigure tzdata Current default time zone: 'Europe/Zurich' Local time is now: Fri Oct 14 17:16:25 CEST 2011. Universal Time is now: Fri Oct 14 15:16:25 UTC 2011. root@debian:/# vi /etc/network/interfaces # Used by ifup(8) and ifdown(8). See the interfaces(5) manpage or # /usr/share/doc/ifupdown/examples for more information. auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto eth0 iface eth0 inet dhcp root@debian:/# cat /etc/fstab # UNCONFIGURED FSTAB FOR BASE SYSTEM proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 UUID=8c14d9c1-48cb-4ac1-b91d-780de47f8b8a / ext3 defaults,noatime 0 1 #/dev/sda1 / ext3 defaults,noatime 0 1 tmpfs /tmp tmpfs defaults,noatime 0 0 tmpfs /var/tmp tmpfs defaults,noatime 0 0 tmpfs /var/run tmpfs defaults 0 0 tmpfs /var/log tmpfs defaults 0 0 tmpfs /var/lock tmpfs defaults 0 0 root@debian:/# vi /etc/hostname NiX root@debian:/# sed -i '1s/$/\ndeb http:\/\/security\.debian\.org\/ squeeze\/updates main/' /etc/apt/sources.list root@debian:/# sed -i '1s/$/\ndeb-src http:\/\/security\.debian\.org\/ squeeze\/updates main/' /etc/apt/sources.list root@debian:/# cat /etc/apt/sources.list deb http://ftp.ch.debian.org/debian squeeze main deb-src http://security,debian.org/ squeeze/updates main deb http://security,debian.org/ squeeze/updates main root@debian:/# aptitude update root@debian:/# aptitude install locales root@debian:/# dpkg-reconfigure locales Generating locales (this might take a while)… fr_CH.ISO-8859-1… done Generation complete. root@debian:/# aptitude install console-data root@debian:/# aptitude install linux-image-486 root@debian:/# aptitude install grub root@debian:/# vi /etc/default/grub # If you change this file, run 'update-grub' afterwards to update # /boot/grub/grub.cfg. GRUB_DEFAULT=0 GRUB_TIMEOUT=5 GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian` #GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=“quiet” GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=“verbose console=ttyS0,38400n8 reboot=bios” GRUB_SERIAL_COMMAND=“serial –unit=0 –speed=38400” GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=“” # Uncomment to enable BadRAM filtering, modify to suit your needs # This works with Linux (no patch required) and with any kernel that obtains # the memory map information from GRUB (GNU Mach, kernel of FreeBSD …) #GRUB_BADRAM=“0x01234567,0xfefefefe,0x89abcdef,0xefefefef” # Uncomment to disable graphical terminal (grub-pc only) #GRUB_TERMINAL=console GRUB_TERMINAL=serial # The resolution used on graphical terminal # note that you can use only modes which your graphic card supports via VBE # you can see them in real GRUB with the command `vbeinfo' #GRUB_GFXMODE=640×480 # Uncomment if you don't want GRUB to pass “root=UUID=xxx” parameter to Linux #GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_UUID=true # Uncomment to disable generation of recovery mode menu entries #GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_RECOVERY=“true” # Uncomment to get a beep at grub start #GRUB_INIT_TUNE=“480 440 1” debian:/mnt/cf/boot/grub# echo '(hd0) /dev/sdb' > /boot/grub/device.map root@debian:/# grub-install /dev/sdb Installation finished. No error reported. root@debian:/# update-grub Generating grub.cfg … Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-5-486 Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-5-486 done –CHECK– root@debian:/# sed -i 's/hd1/hd0/g' /boot/grub/grub.cfg root@debian:/# vi /etc/inittab #1:2345:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty1 #2:23:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty2 #3:23:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty3 #4:23:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty4 #5:23:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty5 #6:23:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty6 T0:23:respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS0 9600 vt100 root@debian:/# passwd root (nixpw) Enter new UNIX password: Retype new UNIX password: passwd: password updated successfully root@debian:/# aptitude install rsyslog sudo root@debian:/# tasksel install standard root@debian:/# tasksel install ssh-server root@debian:/# aptitude clean root@debian:/# umount /dev/pts root@debian:/# exit exit debian:/# umount /mnt/cf/proc/ debian:/# umount /mnt/cf/sys debian:/# umount /mnt/cf/dev debian:/# umount /mnt/cf debian:/mnt# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sdb1 3.7G 547M 3.0G 16% /mnt/cf Links: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6VPsgR4pMik https://mseiwald.at/doc/alix/installation