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Table of Contents
Flash Card
Installation d'une Debian sur une carte flash.
Préparation de la carte
Suppression des partitions
On commence par supprimer les partitions déjà crées sur la carte.
debian:/home/sbolay# fdisk /dev/sdb
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 4000 MB, 4000317440 bytes
124 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1016 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 7688 * 512 = 3936256 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xbf7f3f48
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 * 1 1013 3893941 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 1014 1016 11532 83 Linux
Command (m for help): d 1
Partition number (1-4): 1
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 4000 MB, 4000317440 bytes
124 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1016 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 7688 * 512 = 3936256 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb2 1014 1016 11532 83 Linux
Command (m for help): d 1
Selected partition 2
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 4000 MB, 4000317440 bytes
124 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1016 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 7688 * 512 = 3936256 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
Une fois les partitions supprimées, on réinitialise la carte à zéro.
debian:/home/sbolay# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdb
dd: writing to `/dev/sdb': No space left on device 7813121+0 records in 7813120+0 records out 4000317440 bytes (4.0 GB) copied, 1873.47 s, 2.1 MB/s
Création des partitions
Une fois la carte entièrement réinitialisée, on crée la partition qui accueillera le système.
debian:/home/sbolay# fdisk /dev/sdb
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 4000 MB, 4000317440 bytes
124 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1016 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 7688 * 512 = 3936256 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xbf7f3f48
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-1016, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-1016, default 1016):
Using default value 1016
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 4000 MB, 4000317440 bytes
124 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1016 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 7688 * 512 = 3936256 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xbf7f3f48
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 1016 3905473 83 Linux Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks.
Formatage de la partition
On crée la partition qui contiendra notre Debian.
debian:/home/sbolay# mkfs.ext3 -v /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.41.3 (12-Oct-2008)
fs_types for mke2fs.conf resolution: 'ext3', 'default'
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
244320 inodes, 976368 blocks
48818 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=1002438656
30 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8144 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (16384 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 31 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
Installation de Debian
Installation de l'image
L'utilitaire 'debootstrap' va installer une image de Debian sur la carte.
debian:/mnt# mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/cf/
debian:/mnt# debootstrap –arch i386 squeeze /mnt/cf/ http://ftp.ch.debian.org/debian
.... I: Configuring aptitude... I: Configuring tasksel-data... I: Configuring tasksel... I: Base system installed successfully.
Configuration de l'image
debian:/mnt# mount -t proc none /mnt/cf/proc
debian:/mnt# mount -t sysfs nonen /mnt/cf/sys
debian:/mnt# mount -o bind /proc /mnt/cf/proc
debian:/mnt# mount -o bind /dev /mnt/cf/dev
debian:/mnt# mount -o bind /sys /mnt/cf/sys
debian:/mnt# LANG=C chroot /mnt/cf/ /bin/bash
root@debian:/# mount devpts /dev/pts -t devpts
root@debian:/# UUID=$(dumpe2fs /dev/sdb1 | grep 'UUID' | cut -d':' -f2 | sed 's/ [ [:space: ] ]/ /g')
dumpe2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
root@debian:/# echo $UUID
8c14d9c1-48cb-4ac1-b91d-780de47f8b8a
root@debian:/# sed -i “1s/$/\n proc \/proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0/” /etc/fstab
root@debian:/# sed -i “1s/$/\n UUID=$UUID \/ ext3 defaults,noatime 0 1/” /etc/fstab
root@debian:/# dpkg-reconfigure tzdata
Current default time zone: 'Europe/Zurich' Local time is now: Fri Oct 14 17:16:25 CEST 2011. Universal Time is now: Fri Oct 14 15:16:25 UTC 2011.
root@debian:/# vi /etc/network/interfaces
# Used by ifup(8) and ifdown(8). See the interfaces(5) manpage or # /usr/share/doc/ifupdown/examples for more information. auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto eth0 iface eth0 inet dhcp
root@debian:/# cat /etc/fstab
# UNCONFIGURED FSTAB FOR BASE SYSTEM proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 UUID=8c14d9c1-48cb-4ac1-b91d-780de47f8b8a / ext3 defaults,noatime 0 1 #/dev/sda1 / ext3 defaults,noatime 0 1 tmpfs /tmp tmpfs defaults,noatime 0 0 tmpfs /var/tmp tmpfs defaults,noatime 0 0 tmpfs /var/run tmpfs defaults 0 0 tmpfs /var/log tmpfs defaults 0 0 tmpfs /var/lock tmpfs defaults 0 0
root@debian:/# vi /etc/hostname
NiX
root@debian:/# sed -i '1s/$/\ndeb http:\/\/security\.debian\.org\/ squeeze\/updates main/' /etc/apt/sources.list
root@debian:/# sed -i '1s/$/\ndeb-src http:\/\/security\.debian\.org\/ squeeze\/updates main/' /etc/apt/sources.list
root@debian:/# cat /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://ftp.ch.debian.org/debian squeeze main deb-src http://security,debian.org/ squeeze/updates main deb http://security,debian.org/ squeeze/updates main
root@debian:/# aptitude update
root@debian:/# aptitude install locales
root@debian:/# dpkg-reconfigure locales
Generating locales (this might take a while)...
fr_CH.ISO-8859-1... done
Generation complete.
root@debian:/# aptitude install console-data
root@debian:/# aptitude install linux-image-486
root@debian:/# aptitude install grub
root@debian:/# vi /etc/default/grub
# If you change this file, run 'update-grub' afterwards to update # /boot/grub/grub.cfg. GRUB_DEFAULT=0 GRUB_TIMEOUT=5 GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian` #GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet" GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="verbose console=ttyS0,38400n8 reboot=bios" GRUB_SERIAL_COMMAND="serial --unit=0 --speed=38400" GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="" # Uncomment to enable BadRAM filtering, modify to suit your needs # This works with Linux (no patch required) and with any kernel that obtains # the memory map information from GRUB (GNU Mach, kernel of FreeBSD ...) #GRUB_BADRAM="0x01234567,0xfefefefe,0x89abcdef,0xefefefef" # Uncomment to disable graphical terminal (grub-pc only) #GRUB_TERMINAL=console GRUB_TERMINAL=serial # The resolution used on graphical terminal # note that you can use only modes which your graphic card supports via VBE # you can see them in real GRUB with the command `vbeinfo' #GRUB_GFXMODE=640x480 # Uncomment if you don't want GRUB to pass "root=UUID=xxx" parameter to Linux #GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_UUID=true # Uncomment to disable generation of recovery mode menu entries #GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_RECOVERY="true" # Uncomment to get a beep at grub start #GRUB_INIT_TUNE="480 440 1"
debian:/mnt/cf/boot/grub# echo '(hd0) /dev/sdb' > /boot/grub/device.map
root@debian:/# grub-install /dev/sdb
Installation finished. No error reported.
root@debian:/# update-grub
Generating grub.cfg ... Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-5-486 Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-5-486 done
root@debian:/# sed -i 's/hd1/hd0/g' /boot/grub/grub.cfg
root@debian:/# vi /etc/inittab
#1:2345:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty1 #2:23:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty2 #3:23:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty3 #4:23:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty4 #5:23:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty5 #6:23:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty6 T0:23:respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS0 9600 vt100
root@debian:/# passwd root (nixpw)
Enter new UNIX password: Retype new UNIX password: passwd: password updated successfully
root@debian:/# aptitude install rsyslog sudo
root@debian:/# tasksel install standard
root@debian:/# tasksel install ssh-server
root@debian:/# aptitude clean
root@debian:/# umount /dev/pts
root@debian:/# exit
exit
debian:/# umount /mnt/cf/proc/
debian:/# umount /mnt/cf/sys
debian:/# umount /mnt/cf/dev
debian:/# umount /mnt/cf
debian:/mnt# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sdb1 3.7G 547M 3.0G 16% /mnt/cf